Which medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

• A. Levothyroxine
• B. Methimazole
• C. Propylthiouracil
• D. Carbimazole

Answer: (B)

Methimazole is used to treat hyperthyroidism because it inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones. This is achieved by blocking the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, which is essential for the production of these hormones by the thyroid gland. By reducing the levels of thyroid hormones, methimazole helps to alleviate the symptoms associated with an overactive thyroid.

Levothyroxine, on the other hand, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) used primarily in the treatment of hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Propylthiouracil serves a similar purpose to methimazole; however, it is typically used less frequently due to its side effect profile and the need for more frequent dosing. Carbimazole is a prodrug that is converted to methimazole in the body, and while it is effective for hyperthyroidism, it is not the primary medication referenced in this context. Methimazole is often preferred in many clinical scenarios due to its long half-life and once-daily dosing.