What is a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides?

• A. Photosensitivity
• B. Hepatotoxicity
• C. Ototoxicity
• D. Gastrointestinal upset

Answer: (C)

Aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics used to treat serious infections, are well-known for their potential adverse effects, with ototoxicity being a significant concern. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear structures, which can lead to hearing loss or balance issues. This is particularly important given that the risk of ototoxic effects increases with prolonged use or dosing above recommended levels.

The mechanism of ototoxicity is often attributed to the accumulation of the drug in the inner ear and the resulting cellular damage, particularly to the hair cells in the cochlea and vestibular system. Therefore, monitoring hearing in patients receiving aminoglycosides is crucial, especially in those receiving prolonged therapy or those with pre-existing hearing issues.

In contrast, the other adverse effects listed—photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and gastrointestinal upset—are not commonly associated with aminoglycosides. While some drugs can cause these effects, they are not typical for aminoglycosides, which makes ototoxicity a hallmark concern when prescribing these medications.